We found that pollinators are essential for 13 crops, production is highly pollinator dependent for 30, moderately for 27, slightly for 21, unimportant for 7, and is of unknown significance for the remaining 9. Using all crops traded on the world market and setting aside crops that are solely passively self-pollinated, wind-pollinated or parthenocarpic, we then evaluated the level of dependence on animal-mediated pollination for crops that are directly consumed by humans.

However, global production volumes give a contrasting perspective, since 60% of global production comes from crops that do not depend on animal pollination, 35% from crops that depend on pollinators, and 5% are unevaluated. In this review, we expand the previous estimates using novel primary data from 200 countries and found that fruit, vegetable or seed production from 87 of the leading global food crops is dependent upon animal pollination, while 28 crops do not rely upon animal pollination. You can find the full list in “ 24 States That Are Raising Their Minimum Wage in 2022.The extent of our reliance on animal pollination for world crop production for human food has not previously been evaluated and the previous estimates for countries or continents have seldom used primary data. In fact, two dozen states - from New York to Washington state, and many places in between - put minimum wage hikes into effect this year. In recent years, many other states have raised their minimum wage.

Other states with recent minimum wage hikes Sorbis / The measure was intended to match the minimum wage being paid to employees who do not receive tips.

Currently, that minimum is $5.35 per hour. In the nation’s capital, voters passed Initiative 82, which effectively increases the minimum wage for tipped workers to $16.10 per hour by 2027. The Washington Post reports that the state will also “eliminate the current tiered minimum-wage system that effectively penalized workers at companies that offer health insurance.” Washington, D.C. Nevada voters appear to have approved a hike of the state minimum wage to $12 an hour, effective in July 2024. At that point, the minimum wage will top out at $15.Īfter that, the wage will be adjusted for inflation. Nebraska voters passed a measure, known as Initiative 433, to raise the state minimum wage by $1.50 each year from 2023 through 2026.

Cabal extension change nation